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NDA Exam Guide

~5 min read

NDA Exam Pattern & Syllabus

The NDA written exam is 900 marks — Mathematics (300) and General Ability Test (600) — over one day, in two 2.5-hour papers. Followed by a 900-mark SSB interview, selection depends on 1800 marks total. Here is the exact pattern, the negative marking, the full syllabus and who can appear.

Total marks:1800 (900 written + 900 SSB)Frequency:Twice a yearExam board:UPSCNegative marking:1/3 per wrong answer
Key Concept Summary

What is the NDA exam pattern 2026?

NDA has two written papers, totalling the 900 marks: Paper 1 Mathematics — 120 questions, 300 marks, 2.5 hours, 2.5 marks per right and 0.83 negative per wrong — and Paper 2 GAT — 150 questions, 600 marks, 2.5 hours, 4 marks per right and 1.33 negative per wrong. GAT splits into English (200 marks) and General Knowledge (400 marks). A 900-mark SSB interview follows the written exam, making a 1800-mark total selection process.

01

The NDA written exam at a glance

NDA written exam pattern
PaperSubjectQuestionsMarksDuration
Paper 1Mathematics1203002.5 hours
Paper 2General Ability Test (GAT)1506002.5 hours

Both papers on the same day

The written exam is conducted by the UPSC twice a year — NDA 1 (around April) and NDA 2 (around September). Mathematics and GAT are each 2.5 hours; the total written exam is 900 marks.
02

Paper 1 — Mathematics: 300 marks

NDA Mathematics paper
DetailValue
Questions120
Total marks300
Duration2.5 hours
Marks per right answer+2.5
Negative per wrong answer−0.83
Paper languageEnglish only

Accuracy beats speed in Paper 1

The 0.83 negative marking in Maths means two wrong answers wipe out one right one. Attempt what you are sure of; in most papers a clean 90–100 accurate attempts scores more than a guessed 120.
03

Paper 2 — GAT: 600 marks

NDA GAT paper
SectionPartQuestionsMarks
EnglishPart A50200
General KnowledgePart B100400
GAT General Knowledge breakdown
TopicTypical weightWhat it covers
Physics≈ 25%Class 10–12 level physics, everyday phenomena
Chemistry≈ 15%Basic chemistry and materials around us
General Science (Biology)≈ 10%Basics from NCERT science
History & Freedom Struggle≈ 20%Modern and ancient India history
Geography≈ 20%Indian and world geography
Current Affairs≈ 10%Last 12 months of events

GAT is 600 of the 900 written marks

GAT carries double the marks of Maths, and its GK half (400 marks) is pure memory work. Candidates who balance Part A English speed with a steady Part B GK schedule consistently score more overall.
04

Negative marking — the rules

Maximum possible marks per question
PaperRight answerWrong answer (1/3 negative)
Mathematics+2.5−0.83
GAT+4−1.33

Negative marking in NDA is one-third of the marks allotted per question. Unattempted questions carry no penalty. The smart NDA strategy is to skip when a question is a 50-50 guess — one right guess out of three compensates for two wrong ones.

05

NDA Mathematics syllabus (full)

  • Algebra — sets, complex numbers, quadratic equations, permutations, combinations, binomial theorem, logarithms, A.P., G.P., H.P.
  • Matrices and Determinants — operations, properties, inverse, solving linear equations.
  • Trigonometry — ratios, identities, heights and distances, inverse trigonometry.
  • Analytical Geometry — straight lines, circles, conics (parabola, ellipse, hyperbola).
  • Differential Calculus — limits, continuity, differentiation, maxima and minima.
  • Integral Calculus and Differential Equations — integration rules, definite integrals, first-order equations.
  • Vector Algebra — vectors, dot and cross products, applications.
  • Statistics and Probability — mean, median, mode, dispersion, probability basics.

The whole syllabus is Class 11–12 level

NDA Maths stays at NCERT Class 11–12. Most of it overlaps JEE-main-lite territory — every solved example and exercise in your Class 11–12 Maths NCERT is fair exam material.
06

NDA GAT syllabus (full)

Part A — English (50 questions, 200 marks): grammar and usage, vocabulary, fill-in-the-blanks, spotting errors, sentence improvement, reading comprehension, paragraph reformulation.

Part B — General Knowledge (100 questions, 400 marks): Physics, Chemistry, General Science, History and freedom struggle, Geography, Current Events. The syllabus is the Class 10–12 NCERT range.

  • Physics — mechanics, heat, light, electricity, sound, modern physics basics.
  • Chemistry — matter, atoms and molecules, metals and non-metals, everyday chemistry.
  • General Science (Biology) — human body, plants, diseases and immunity basics.
  • History — ancient, medieval and modern India, the freedom struggle, major movements.
  • Geography — earth, Indian physical and economic geography, world geography essentials.
  • Current Events — national and international affairs of the last year.

Prepare GK from NCERTs, revise from one digest

GAT GK is written directly from the Class 10–12 NCERT range. Read the NCERTs once, then compress into Lucent's General Knowledge and previous-year papers — that order produces the highest GK returns per hour.
07

The SSB interview — the other 900 marks

SSB interview structure
StageWhat happens
Stage 1 (Screening)Officer Intelligence Rating test + Picture Perception and Discussion Test, same day
Stage 2 (5 days)Psychology tests (thematic, word association), Group Testing (GD, GOREs, command tasks), personal interview
MedicalFull medical examination after the SSB

Selection is 900 written + 900 SSB

Roughly half of selected candidates have scores that were not top of the written list. The SSB trains leadership, communication and personality traits that pen-and-paper practice alone never builds.
08

NDA eligibility — who can appear

  • Nationality — Indian citizens.
  • Marital status — unmarried male or female candidates.
  • Age — 16.5 to 19.5 years at the time of joining the academy.
  • Army wing — Class 12 pass in any stream.
  • Air Force and Naval wings — Class 12 pass with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.
  • Appearing candidates — Class 12 or final-year students can apply for the written exam.

Check the notification before applying

The exact age-window end date and paper dates are published in the official UPSC NDA notification twice a year. Confirm your date-of-birth falls inside the window before paying the fee.
09

The realistic NDA preparation plan

  1. 1
    Months 1–6: finish Class 11–12 Maths NCERT with NDA-standard practice, and build GAT GK by reading NCERT science, history and geography once.
  2. 2
    Month 6–9: switch full-time to previous-year papers and mocks in exam conditions; start English spotting-errors batches daily.
  3. 3
    Months 10–12 (after written): targeted SSB preparation — psychology tests, group tasks and interview practice.
  4. 4
    Throughout: keep a wrong-question log; in the last 8 weeks, revise only that log and solve two papers per week.

The pattern rewards consistency, not cramming

A 90-minute daily schedule — 45 minutes maths, 30 minutes GAT, 15 minutes revision — held for a year beats any three-month crash push under the NDA's negative marking.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What is the NDA exam pattern 2026?

The NDA written exam is 900 marks: Paper 1 Mathematics (120 questions, 300 marks, 2.5 hours) and Paper 2 GAT (150 questions, 600 marks, 2.5 hours). English carries 200 marks and General Knowledge 400 within GAT. A 900-mark SSB interview follows, making 1800 total marks.

How much is the negative marking per question in NDA?

NDA deducts one-third of the per-question marks for a wrong answer. Maths: −0.83 for a wrong 2.5-mark question. GAT: −1.33 for a wrong 4-mark question. Unattempted questions score zero with no penalty.

Is Class 11–12 Maths enough for the NDA Maths paper?

Yes. The NDA Maths syllabus is exactly Class 11–12 level — algebra, matrices and determinants, trigonometry, analytical geometry, calculus, vector algebra, statistics and probability. NCERT Maths plus NDA-standard practice covers it fully.

What is the NDA GAT syllabus?

GAT Part A is English (grammar, vocabulary, spotting errors, comprehension). Part B is General Knowledge — Physics, Chemistry, General Science, History, Geography and Current Affairs — at the Class 10–12 NCERT level.

Can a Class 12 arts or commerce student appear for NDA?

Yes, for the Army wing, which needs a Class 12 pass in any stream. The Air Force and Naval wings require Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics in Class 12.

Is the NDA written exam alone enough to get selected?

No. The written exam is 900 of 1800 marks. The remaining 900 come from the SSB interview — psychology tests, group tasks and a personal interview. Many high written scorers are not selected because the SSB is an independent skill.

How many times a year is the NDA exam held?

Twice a year — NDA 1 (roughly April) and NDA 2 (roughly September). Candidates within the 16.5–19.5 age window can appear for both in the same year.

Where can I get the NDA syllabus PDF?

Download the free NDA exam pattern & syllabus PDF from ClassApna — it lists Paper 1 Mathematics (300 marks) and Paper 2 GAT (600 marks) with the English and General Knowledge breakdown, the negative-marking rules, the full Maths and GAT syllabus and the SSB stage. No signup needed.

Where can I find free NDA mock tests?

ClassApna hosts free NDA chapter-wise and full-length mock tests in the NDA exam pattern. Solved papers in exam conditions — 2.5 hours, one sitting — are the best free source of real difficulty and timing.

Know the pattern — now train for it

The NDA pattern is stable, but the SSB decides most selections. Narayan Gurukul Academy runs a complete Class 11–12 NDA course — chapter-wise theory, NDA-format test series and a dedicated SSB programme — at Mohali and online across India.

Classes 11–12 NDA · Mohali centre + live online across India