Study Notes
All Subjects Class 12 Notes
Chapter-wise Class 11 and 12 physics, chemistry, maths and biology notes from Narayan Gurukul Academy, Mohali — real formulas rendered properly, exam pointers, and worked numericals for CBSE, JEE and NEET. All notes are free to read and download, no signup required. New chapters are added regularly.
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83 notes in all subjects, Class 12
Showing 25–48 of 83. Free to read and download — updated with new chapters every few weeks.
Organising Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 5: meaning and features of organising, the organisation structure, the formal and the informal organisation, and the centralisation and the decentralisation.
Nature and Significance of Management Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 1: meaning and features of management, the management process, levels of management, and the nature of management as a universal and purposeful function.
Marketing Management Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 11: meaning and functions of marketing, the four Ps of the mix, the product, price, place and promotion, labelling, packaging and the channels of distribution.
Financial Markets Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 10: meaning and features of the financial market, the money market and the capital market, the securities, the primary and the secondary market, and the SEBI.
Financial Management Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 9: concept, role and objectives of financial management, the three financial decisions, financial planning, capital structure, and fixed and working capital.
Directing Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 7: meaning and features of directing, the nine elements of directing, the leadership styles, and the communication and its barriers.
Controlling Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 8: the meaning and the features of controlling, the relationship between planning and controlling, and the three steps of the control process.
Consumer Protection Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 12: the consumer and the rights, the exploitation, the Consumer Protection Act of 2019, the three-tier redressal with 2022 limits, and consumer awareness.
Business Environment Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Business Studies chapter 3: the meaning and nature of the business environment, its importance, and the internal and the external environmental factors.
Probability Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Probability notes: conditional probability, the multiplication theorem, Bayes' theorem, random variables and their distributions, and Bernoulli trials — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Linear Programming Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Linear Programming notes: objective functions, constraints, feasible regions and the corner point method to maximise or minimise an LPP — with solved examples for CBSE and JEE.
Three Dimensional Geometry Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Three Dimensional Geometry notes: direction cosines and ratios, equations of lines and planes, distances and angles between them — with key formulas and solved examples for CBSE and JEE.
Vector Algebra Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Vector Algebra notes: position vectors, dot and cross products, projection and their geometric meaning — with key formulas and solved examples for CBSE and JEE.
Differential Equations Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Differential Equations notes: order and degree, variable-separable equations, homogeneous equations, and first-order linear differential equations with integrating factor — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Application of Integrals Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Application of Integrals notes: area under a curve, area between two curves and bounded regions using definite integrals — with worked examples for CBSE and JEE.
Integrals Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Integrals notes: indefinite and definite integrals, substitution, integration by parts, partial fractions and the fundamental theorem of calculus — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Application of Derivatives Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Application of Derivatives notes: rate of change, increasing and decreasing functions, tangents and normals, and maxima and minima with the first and second derivative tests for CBSE and JEE.
Continuity and Differentiability Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Continuity and Differentiability notes: limits and continuity, differentiability, chain, product and quotient rules, logarithmic and parametric differentiation — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Determinants Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Determinants notes: expansion of order 2 and 3 determinants, properties, minors and cofactors, adjoint and inverse, and solving linear equations with Cramer's rule for CBSE and JEE.
Matrices Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Matrices notes: types of matrices, addition and scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and invertibility — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Inverse Trigonometric Functions notes: principal value branches, domain and range of sin⁻¹, cos⁻¹, tan⁻¹, and the standard identities and properties for CBSE and JEE.
Relations and Functions Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Maths Relations and Functions notes: types of relations, one-one and onto functions, composition of functions, invertible functions and binary operations — with key formulas for CBSE and JEE.
Semiconductor Electronics Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Physics Semiconductor Electronics notes: energy bands, doping, p-n junction diode, rectifiers, LED, photodiode, solar cell, transistors and logic gates — with key formulas for CBSE, JEE and NEET.
Nuclei Class 12 Notes
Class 12 Physics Nuclei notes: nuclear composition and size, mass defect, binding energy curve, radioactivity and decay laws, half-life, fission and fusion — with key formulas for CBSE, JEE and NEET.
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